Aziz, Rawa Abdul Redha, Sura Alaa Saud, and . Jinan Azeez Thabit. “Detection of β- Lactamases Enzymes Responsible for β-Lactam Resistance Among Gram Negative Bacteria by PCR”. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science 26, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): Bio 22-38. Accessed January 18, 2026. https://www.journalsc.qu.edu.iq.51-77-64-103.cpanel.site/index.php/JOPS/article/view/1298.